Diabetic nephropathy is associated with a similar profile of gene expression for oxidative stress and toxicity related transcripts in models of Type 1 (Akita) and Type 2 (<i>db/db</i>) diabetes – reversal with ketogenic diet.

<p>Real-time PCR gene expression was assessed by RT² Profiler PCR Arrays from SABiosciences. The ketogenic diet reverses the kidney gene expression profile associated with diabetic nephropathy in both the Akita and <i>db/db</i> mice. Data for each gene was normalized to a panel of housekeeping transcripts and expressed as fold change compared to the WT-Chow group. Data are means ± SE (n = 4–5 for all groups). *p<0.05 (ANOVA) vs. WT-Chow group (or vs. diabetic-Chow groups as indicated by the horizontal brackets).