Binding pattern of HPV to sperm using fluorescence in situ hybridization with HPV type-specific probes.

<p>(<b>A–C</b>): Close-up picture of sperm of which one is positive for HPV type 18. Picture B shows the sperm present in picture A, captured by differential interference contrast (DIC). Picture C shows an overlay of A and B. (<b>D</b>): Close-up picture of HPV-negative and HPV-18 positive sperm cell from an HPV-18-positive semen sample stained for HPV (red) and DNA (blue). Note the lack of DNA staining characteristic of the majority of HPV positive sperm. Lack of or decreased DNA staining was seen in all HPV-positive sperm.