Representative profiles of the force curves obtained.

<p>(A) force-displacement curve obtained on a hard substrate surface (B) force-displacement curve obtained on soft cells (C) a specific single peak rupture at low pulling velocity (D) specific single peak rupture at high pulling velocity, gap between the zero lines of approaching and retraction traces was due to hydrodynamic force induced on the bending of the cantilever (E) specific multi-peaks ruptures, only the last peak was assigned as single bond rupture (F) planar extension curves indicating tether formation (G) an example force curve with rupture force and effective bond stiffness identified.