Induction of influenza-specific T cells by the hemagglutinin expressing live vaccines.

<p>Frequencies of antigen specific IFN-γ+ CD4 T cells (A) or CD8 T-cells (B) after immunizing twice with various hemagglutinin MVA-H5 vaccines or with the MVA wild-type control, and stimulation with protein antigens and peptides (shown on x-axis). Splenocytes were stimulated with buffer or with formalin-inactivated whole viral antigens of H5N1 Vietnam (H5N1-VN), H5N1 Indonesia (H5N1-IN) or H1N1/California (H1N1-CA), CD4 T cell-reactive peptide HA140-154 and the CD8 T cell-reactive peptide HA189-197. Background medium responses were subtracted, and the means +/− standard deviation of two separate experiments is shown.