RF Exposure has no influence on Ca²⁺ in PC12 cells.

<p><b>A</b>; Image of differentiated cultured rat PC12 cells shown under phase contrast microscopy. <b>B</b>; Sample trace showing the experimental protocol. The traces show the Ca²⁺ concentration for two coverslides that were simultaneously imaged. One coverslide was exposed to a GSM RF field of 2 W/kg and other was placed in the non-energized TEM cell. <b>C</b>; the Ca²⁺ concentration in PC12 cells was normally distributed. <b>D</b>; the mean Ca²⁺ concentration during the exposure period was compared across groups according to SAR. Exposure had no influence on the Ca²⁺ concentration, as there were no differences observed between any of the SARs and the control coverslides (F(4,35) = 0.243, p = 0.912). <b>E</b>; the baseline, exposure and washout periods were considered in a repeated measures analysis of variance for changes in Ca²⁺ concentration over these times. No significant differences were found in the change of Ca²⁺ concentration between these periods that were attributable to the SAR of the RF exposure (F(4.5,35.2) = 0.578, p = 0.7, Greenhouse-Geiser corrected). <b>F</b>; smaller temporal bins were computed to elucidate any transient effects that might be smeared by averaging over the 30-minute periods. No significant differences were observed in the change of Ca²⁺ concentration over time for the SARs considered, when 5 minute temporal bins were used (F(10.79,83.58) = 0.817, p = .621, Greenhouse-Geiser corrected).