Characteristics of the study population.

<p>Data are n (%), means±SD or medians (interquartile range).</p><p>BMI, body mass index; HOMA-B, homeostasis model assessment of pancreatic beta-cell function; HOMA-S, homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity; IFG, impaired fasting glucose.</p>a<p>Body fat percentage (%) was assessed using the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) among 1,634 participants (711 men and 923 women) from Shanghai.