PE increases myostatin translation and activation in NCM's.

<p>Cardiomyocytes were isolated from neonatal rats and grown to confluency. Cells were then stressed with PE (100 uM) or media only (control) for up to 18 hours. Each condition was tested n = 4 times. *p<0.05 vs. 0 min (ANOVA). Western blot was performed using the C-terminal antibody to assess levels of (A) myostatin precursor and (B) active myostatin. (C) A representative myostatin blot is depicted. Predicted molecular weights for the various forms of myostatin are as follows: full length precursor monomer (43–45 kDa); propeptide (30–32 kDa); C-terminus monomer (12–13 kDa); active C-dimer (24–26 kDa). Glycosylation may cause these forms to run approximately 5–10 kDa higher than predicted on PAGE. (D) Phospho-specific Western blot was performed to assess activation of Smad (58 kDa).