MAVS splicing variants contribute to the induction of interferon and interferon-stimulated genes mediated by RIG-I-like receptors

The mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) plays a key role in the signal transduction of RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs)-mediated antiviral response. In the present study, zebrafish MAVS transcript variants, namely MAVS_tv1 and MAVS_tv2, were cloned from zebrafish embryos. The putative MAVS_tv1 protein (full length form) contains an N-terminal CARD domain, a central proline region, and a C-terminal transmembrane domain (TM). MAVS_tv2 is generated by a 190 bp intron fragment insertion. The putative MAVS_tv2 protein lacked TM domain due to a frame shift, with the N-terminal 303 aa residues identical to MAVS_tv1, and no sequence homology for the C-terminal 41 aa residues. Real-time PCR showed that the expression of MAVS_tv1 in ZF4 cells was higher than that of MAVS_tv2, and MAVS variants were induced by Edwardsiella tarda and SVCV infection during the early time points of infection, whereas MAVS_tv1 unchanged or MAVS_tv2 decreased at a later time point after the infection, respectively. Overexpression of MAVS_tv1 and MAVS_tv2 in fish cells conferred antiviral resistance, and activated zebrafish IFN1 and IFN3 promoters. MAVS_tv1 overexpression induced a slow (48 hpf) increased expression of IFNI, mxa, mxb, mxe and RSAD2. In contrast, MAVS tv2 overexpression increased rapidly and transiently the expression of IFN1, IFN2, IFN3, mxc and rsad2 at 6 or 24 hpf. The simultaneous overexpression of MAVS variants and RIG-I in zebrafish embryos led to an accumulative induction of IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes including IFN1, IFN4, mxc, mxe and rsad. Furthermore, MAVS_tv1 cooperated with RIG-I in the accumulation of RIG-I transcript in a positive feedback loop; MAVS_tv2 synergized with MDA5 in the accumulation of MAVS_tv2 transcript. Collectively, these data suggest the molecular mechanisms of fish MAVS variants in antiviral immunity. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved