Comparative studies on dietary protein requirements of juvenile and on-growing gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) based on fishmeal-free diets

Two trials were conducted to investigate protein requirements of juvenile (3.18g in Trial 1) and on-growing (87.1g in Trial 2) gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio var. CAS III. Six isoenergetic diets containing 250-500gkg(-1) dietary protein were formulated using soy protein concentrate (SPC) and casein as protein sources. The results showed that weight gain (WG) increased when dietary protein increased from 250 to 400gkg(-1) and decreased at 400 to 500gkg(-1) CP in Trial 1, while WG increased when dietary protein increased from 250 to 350gkg(-1) and kept constant at 350 to 500gkg(-1) CP in Trial 2. With increasing dietary protein, feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased, while protein retention efficiency (PRE) decreased in Trial 1 and was not affected in Trial 2. Apparent digestibility coefficient of protein (ADC(p)) increased with increasing dietary protein in two trails. Trypsin activity increased with dietary protein in the juveniles and was not affected in on-growing fish. Hepatic alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities increased with dietary protein. Broken-line and quadratic regression of WG estimated that dietary protein requirements for maximum growth were about 402-427gkg(-1) for the juvenile and 337-418gkg(-1) for on-growing gibel carp