Microbiome and diet: Relevance of Mediterranean Diet adherence on gut microbiome composition and activity in Spanish adult population.

Since the moment that diet impacts on human health, also through the modulation on gut microbiota composition, it is important to consider that modern eating habits and trends of consumption are playing in favour of many diseases typical of our age, such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, allergies and cancers. On the other hand it is known that Mediterranean Diet is one of the healthiest dietary pattern and a better adherence to this model can reduce the incidence of aforementioned modern diseases (Del Chierico et al. 2014). For this reason, as biotechnology laboratory specialized in microbiome research and nutrition, the aim of our study was to evaluate the gut microbiota composition and activity as producer of short chain fatty acids, to find a relationship with physiological parameters (sex and body mass index) and with the adherence to a Mediterranean dietary model in a sample of Spanish healthy adults