Cascading process of interdependent networks under node attacks.

<p>(a) The topology of interdependent networks with eight nodes. The initial attack set of nodes is <i>C</i>. (b) The topology of the networks after the process of interdependent failure. Nodes <i>A</i>, <i>D</i> in network <i>N</i>_<i>B</i> and nodes <i>B</i>, <i>C</i> in network <i>N</i>_<i>A</i> fail and lose their functions. (c) The topology of the networks after the process of overload failure. Node <i>C</i> in network <i>N</i>_<i>B</i> fails as the load exceeds its capacity. So is node <i>B</i>. (d) The terminal state of the interdependent networks. All nodes fail and lose their functions.