Rapid Microwave Preparation and Composition Tuning of the High-Performance Magnetocalorics (Mn,Fe)₂(P,Si)

Rapid preparation utilizing assisted microwave heating permits significantly shorter preparation times for magnetocaloric compounds in the (Mn,Fe)₂(P,Si) family, specifically samples of (Mn,Fe)_2−δP_0.5Si_0.5 with starting compositions of δ = 0, 0.06, and 0.12. To fully understand the effects of processing and composition changes on structure and properties, these materials are characterized using synchrotron powder diffraction, neutron powder diffraction, electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and magnetic measurements. The diffraction analysis reveals that increasing δ results in decreasing amounts of the common Heusler (Mn,Fe)₃Si secondary phase. EMPA shows (Mn,Fe)₂(P,Si) in all three samples to be Mn and P rich, whereas XRF demonstrates that the bulk material is Mn rich yet P deficient. Increasing δ brings the Mn/Fe and P/Si ratios closer to their starting values. Measurements of magnetic properties show an increase in saturation magnetization and ordering temperature with increasing δ, consistent with the increase in Fe and Si contents. Increasing δ also results in a decrease in thermal hysteresis and an increase in magnetic entropy change, the latter reaching values close to what have been previously reported on samples that take much longer to prepare