Influence of Toll/IMD signaling on immune mediation by NO/eicosanoid in <i>S</i>. <i>exigua</i>.

<p>Specific RNA interference (RNAi) against Toll and IMD signal pathways was performed by injecting 800 ng of dsRNA (dsToll or dsRelish) specific to Toll (contig 06215) or Relish (contig 00977) of <i>S</i>. <i>exigua</i> transcriptome (SRX259774) to fifth instar larva. At 48 h after dsRNA injection, immune challenge was initiated by injecting <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> for Gram-negative (G-) and <i>P</i>. <i>polymyxa</i> for Gram-positive (G+) at a dose of 1 × 10⁵ cells per larva. (A) Cross-talk between Toll/IMD and NO signaling. NO signal was quantified by measuring nitrate amount from a whole body after 8 h of bacterial challenge. (B) Cross-talk between Toll/IMD and eicosanoid signaling. Eicosanoid signal was quantified by measuring PLA₂ enzyme activity after 8 h of bacterial challenge. Each treatment was conducted three times. Different letters above the error bars indicate significant differences between means at Type I error = 0.5 (LSD).