<i>In vivo</i> anti-tumor effects of CQ and TRAIL on the growth of MiaPaCa-2 and Panc-1 cells.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Treatment protocol. (B) BALB <i>nu/nu</i> female mice were inoculated in the right flanks with 5 × 10⁶ MiaPaCa-2 cells suspended in Matrigel. When the tumor diameters reached approximately 5 mm, the mice were pooled and divided into four groups. On days 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 thereafter, the mice received i.p. injections of CQ (50 mg/kg). The vehicle control was 200 μL PBS. On days 2 and 5 after grouping, TRAIL (1 μg/50 μL) was injected i.t.. The vehicle control was 50 μL PBS. Tumor sizes were measured on the indicated days. The data shown represent the means and standard deviation (SD) of 5 mice. (C) Tumor sizes of MiaPaCa-2 on day 7. *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01 (ANOVA). (D) Similarly, BALB <i>nu/nu</i> female mice were inoculated in the right flanks with 2 × 10⁶ Panc-1 cells, and treated with CQ (100 mg/kg) and/or TRAIL (4 μg/50 μL). The data shown represent the means and SD of six mice. (E) Tumor sizes of Panc-1 on day 9. **<i>P</i><0.01 (ANOVA).