Viscous drag reduction using riblets on NACA 0012 airfoil to moderate incidence

Results of viscous drag reduction using riblets from 3M on a NACA 0012 airfoil model up to moderate angles of attack are presented. Measurements made consisted of model surface pressure distributions, mean velocity and streamwise turbulence intensity profiles in the boundary layer (just ahead of the trailing edge), and total airfoil drag for two riblet heights of 0.152 and 0.076 mm. Results show significantly higher skin friction drag reduction with incidence compared to plat plate flows; the reduction was as high as 16% at ? = 6 deg. Results of mean velocity profiles show that a larger contribution to drag reduction results from the suction side of the airfoil, indicating increased effectiveness of riblets in adverse pressure gradients. Examination of turbulence intensity profiles in the wall region indicates an appreciable reduction in the presence of riblets; correspondingly, the spectra show reduced energy levels at low frequencies