Terminalia chebula Extract Acts as a Potential NF-kappa B Inhibitor in Human Lymphoblastic T Cells

Terminalia chebula (TC) is native to southern Asia to southwestern China and is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of human ailments including malignant tumors and diabetes. This plant also has antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties. Nuclear factor kappa-light chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappa B) is responsible for the expression of numerous genes involved in cell survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, inflammation, invasion and metastasis, among other processes. This study aims to assess the NF-kappa B inhibitory effect of TC extract in human lymphoblastic T (Jurkat) cells. The effects of TC extract were investigated using the FRET-based Gene Blazer technique in transfected Jurkat-NF-kappa B-RE-bla cells. The concentration of TC extract required for NF-kappa B inhibition was determined by a cell proliferation assay. Treatment with TC extract (50 mu g/mL) inhibited NF-kappa B activity and protected against I kappa B alpha degradation and strongly suppressed I kappa B alpha phosphorylation in Jurkat-NF-kappa B-RE-bla cells. This treatment might be crucial for inhibiting NF-kappa B translocation and activation. In addition, the TC extract downregulated certain NF-kappa B regulated genes, including IL-8 and MCP-1, in Jurkat-NF-kappa B-RE-bla cells. Moreover, gallic acid was identified from the TC extract demonstrating its ability to inhibit NF-kappa B activity in Jurkat-NF-kappa B-RE-bla cells. Further studies to identify the role of gallic acid in NF-kappa B inhibition may uncover the crucial antiinflammatory and antitumor properties of the TC extract. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This work was supported by a grant from the Basic Research Program of the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF-2009-0077023)