Cell behavior study on correlation between extracellular matrix stiffness and cancer metastasis

????????? ??????(metastasis)??? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????????. ????????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????????. ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????????, ??? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ????????????(mechanism)??? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????. ?????? ????????????(clinical study)?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????????(extracellular matrix)??? ??????(stiffness)??? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????, ??????, ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ?????????????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????(migration)?????? ?????? ??????(morphology) ??? ?????????(dynamics) ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????????. ?????????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??????????????????????????? ???(polyacrylamide gel)??? ?????????????????? ????????? ?????????(collagen)?????? ???????????? ??? ??????(A549, PC-3)??? ???????????? ???????????????. ????????? ???????????? ???, ???????????????(incubator)?????? 24 ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? 5????????? 24?????? ?????? ???????????????. ????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????????. ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????????????(0.3 kPa)?????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????????(19.2 kPa & 153.6 kPa)?????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????????, ????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????(spreading) ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????????. ????????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????. ??????????????? ???????????? ??????(invasion)??? ??? ??????????????? 2D?????? 3D??? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? 3D??????????????? ?????????????????? ????????? 2D????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? 3D??? ????????? ??????(collagen matrix)??? ???????????? ????????? ???????????????. ????????? ?????? 3D??????????????? 2D??? ?????? ?????????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????????(metastatic) ?????????(phenotype)?????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????????. ??? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????????.Cancer metastasis is one of the leading causes of cancer death. But so far there is no effective drugs or treatment developed to inhibit cancer metastasis. The majority of previous studies were carried out on the basis of chemistry or biology, but it remained unclear on the basis of cancer metastasis mechanism. Therefore, in this study, we tried to study about the mechanism of cancer metastasis in a mechanistic framework. Previous studies have shown that stiff extracellular matrix (ECM) may promote cancer progression and metastasis. Based on this notion, it is necessary to investigate the correlation between cellular dynamics and matrix stiffness. We cultured two types of cancer cells on collagen coated polyacrylamide gel with various stiffnesses and observed by microscope every 5 minutes for 24 hours. Mechanical factors such as cell motility and morphology were analyzed to explore the correlation between ECM stiffness and cell properties. We found that cells on stiffer ECM (19.2 kPa and 153.6 kPa) got more elongate, spread more and dispersedly, and migrated more than cells on soft ECM (0.3 kPa). In addition, when cancer metastasize, the environment surrounded may change from 2D into 3D during cancer cell invasion. In order to investigate what will happen in 3D environment, we added collagen cap to make 3D matrix. We found that in 3D ECM stiffness also could affect cellular properties like 2D. Based upon this study, we hope that it could be helpful to create a new therapeutic strategy to inhibit the cancer metastasis through extracellular matrix.Maste