Numerical study of a hybrid multi-stage vacuum membrane distillation and pressure-retarded osmosis system

In this study, we introduce a hybrid system that integrates a multi-stage vacuum membrane distillation (MVMD) with pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO). The MVMD system employs a recycling flow scheme (MVDM-R) for the continuous production of both distillate water and highly concentrated brine. The concentrated brine that is produced from the MVMD-R system is then used as a draw solution for power generation in the PRO system. We theoretically assessed the distillate and power production of the MVMD-R-PRO system with respect to inlet feed flow rate and recycling flow ratio in the MVMD-R system. When the inlet feed flow rate is constant, the production of distilled water increases slightly, with a decrease in the recycling flow. The maximum possible brine concentration from the MVMD-R system is 1.9 M NaCl at an inlet feed flow rate of 3 kg/min and a 90% recycling flow. A maximum power density of 9.7 W/m(2) is achieved when river water is used as a feed solution in the PRO system at feed and draw solution flow rates of 0.5 kg/min and a constant hydraulic pressure difference. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIP) (2014R1A2A2A01006899)