A comparative study of Sandia flame series (D-F) using sparse-Lagrangian MMC modelling

Sparse-Lagrangian Multiple Mapping Conditioning (MMC) simulations are performed on a turbulent piloted methane jet flame series with increasing levels of local extinction (Sandia flames D-F). Subfilter conditional scalar dissipation is closed by the generalised MMC mixing model which enforces localisation in an extended space comprising of physical location and a reference mixture fraction; the latter is the filtered field from an LES simulation. A new fractal/gradient model controlling localisation in sparse simulations has been developed recently, and here it is tested on real flame conditions. Using one single localisation constant fm, simulation results with as few as 1 Lagrangian particle per 27 Eulerian cells show a good match to the measurements; particle number density effects are also explored