The language of culture and the culture of language : Oromo identity in Melbourne, Australia

Until recently, the Oromo were largely unknown among scholars of Africa.\ud Since the Abyssinian conquest of the vast Oromo land-known today as Oromiyain\ud the late-nineteenth century, Oromo within the Ethiopian empire state (where\ud they number more than half the population) have remained politically,\ud linguistically, economically and historically marginalised. Since the late 1970s,\ud almost a century after their conquest, when the Derg military junta's campaign of\ud terror was at its peak, and continuing with the present regime, large numbers of\ud Oromo have fled Ethiopia to neighbouring countries. By 1997 a small number\ud (approximately 500) had resettled in Melbourne, Australia. Over these past two\ud decades Oromo nationalism has grown into a mass movement in east Africa and\ud among the worldwide exilic communities. Central to the growth of nationalism has\ud been the assertion of a pan-Oromo national identity (Oromumma, 'Oromoness').\ud Like all identity politics, Oromo nationalism remains academically deadlocked\ud between essentialism and social constructionism: Oromo anti-colonial nationalists\ud posit an atavistic account of Oromo identity, while 'Western' scholars generally\ud conceive of it in politically disabling constructionist terms