Lightning activity with rainfall during El Nino and La Nina events over India

This paper appraises the association of lightning flash count (FC) with rainfall using the satellite-borne Lightning Imaging Sensor’s (LIS) data along with gridded rainfall data (0.5o × 0.5o) for Indian summer monsoon seasons over 10 years (2001–2010). During strong El Nino years, 2002 and 2009, FCs were greater in magnitude by about 26.5 % and 37 %, than the long-term average, respectively, while during weak El Nino year (2004), it was more by 8 %. During the same years, the rainfall was deficient by about 10 % than the long-term average. Similarly, a rise in aerosol optical depth (AOD) over its average value (by about 15 % and 20 %) reduces the ratio of rainfall to FC (RLR) by 41 % and 44 % for strong El Nino years 2002 and 2009, respectively, and for weak El Nino year (2004), a 6.5 % rise in AOD lowers the RLR by 20 %. Bowen ratio more by 11 % and 17 % of its average value reduces the RLR by 41 % and 44 % for strong El Nino years 2002 and 2009, respectively, and, also, Bowen ratio higher by 8 % for 2004 declines RLR by 20 %. On the other hand, Bowen ratio less by 9 % and 6 % raises the RLR by 19 % and 56 % for moderate La Nina year (2007) and strong La Nina year (2010), respectively. Results for the daily rainfall, AOD and Bowen ratio over Indian regions, are discussed for strong El Nino and La Nina years. Correlations of FC with AOD and Bowen ratio of 0.66 and 0.71, respectively, while, that of FC with ONI of 0.56 indicates numerous (fewer) break days during El Nino (La Nina) years