Determination of Depth in Transmission Raman Spectroscopy in Turbid Media Using a Beam Enhancing Element

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from SAGE Publications via the DOI in this record.This study demonstrates experimentally a method to enable prediction of depth of a chemical species buried in a turbid medium by using transmission Raman spectroscopy alone. The method allows the prediction of the depth of a single, chemically distinct layer within a turbid matrix by performing two measurements, with and without a beam enhancing element, or “photon diode.” The samples employed consisted of two different polymers, of total thickness 3.6 mm, whose optical properties are loosely relevant to pharmaceutical applications. A polymer layer of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was placed at different positions within multiple layers of the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) matrix and Raman spectra were recorded in each case. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were utilized to determine whether the depth of the LDPE layer could be predicted using the obtained data. The best-achieved RMSE of prediction was 4.2% of the total sample size (i.e., +/− 0.15 mm) with the multivariate approach.The authors thank the STFC BioMedical Network (STFC, STMA00012) and the University of Exeter for their financial support. An EPSRC grant (EP/K020374/1) partly funded the work presented here