Pd基纳米催化剂的制备及其甲酸分解制氢和电催化性能的研究

氢能因其能量密度高、无污染等优势而成为重要的能源。甲酸是一种非常好的储氢材料(储氢量为4.4 wt%)，它具有能量密度高、无毒、易存储等优点，但甲酸分解放氢需要在适当条件下，并借助合适的催化剂才能实现。甲酸分解的均相催化剂研究已经取得了很大进展，但均相催化剂在使用后不能与反应物有效分离，加之使用有机溶剂，在实际应用方面还存在很多问题。因此，研究开发合适的异相催化剂，并实现甲酸在温和条件下分解放氢具有重要意义。然而，异相催化剂研究还存在许多问题，如催化活性低、选择性差和成本较高等。 本论文工作致力于开发新型纳米金属催化剂，以实现室温下甲酸快速、高效和高选择性的分解制氢，同时降低催化剂的成本。主要取得如下成果： (1) 利用氧化石墨和炭黑制备了复合载体，并用该载体负载PdAu纳米颗粒，制备了PdAu/GNs-CB催化剂。该催化剂能实现甲酸在室温下快速分解制氢，反应速率达8275 L h-1 m...Hydrogen is generally proposed to be an important energy vector due to its high energy density and low environmental pollution. Formic acid (having 4.4 wt% of hydrogen) has attracted considerable attention as a suitable liquid source for hydrogen due to its intrinsic advantages, including high energy density, nontoxic and easy recharging. However，formic acid can only decompose at suitable condition with the suitable catalyst. Homogeneous catalysts for formic acid decomposition have been intensively investigated and significant advances have been achieved. However, those homogeneous catalysts suffer more or less severe drawbacks such as the difficulty of separation and the use of organic solvents, etc. Therefore, increasing interests have recently been devoted to heterogeneous catalyst. How..