Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis ofHuman Enteric virus (HEV) as WaterBorn Hepatitis Virusin Egypt

Background: Hepatitis Enteric Virus (HEV) is the causal agent of hepatitis E in humans and the main route of transamination by an environmental factor as food and water. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the member of genus Herpesvirus s in the Hepeviridae family, is the causative agent of fulminant or self-limited hepatitis. HEV as water born viruses is considered the main factor in pollution of water and cause the serious public health problem and associated with many risk factors. Water polluted by Enteric Viruses due to contaminated with sewage and out of farms. Longitudinal studies have provided results of the highly important route of HEV transmission by farms. Unfortunately, in the developing countries with poor sanitation and uncontrolled water to supply the most endemic hepatitis HEV in human causes by genotype 1 and 2. HEV strain which is zoonotic origin considered by genotype 3 and 4 in both developing and industrialized countries. The prevalence rate of HEV seropositive in people with continues exposure to pigs and its farmer’s more than in general human population. Many meta-analysis studies proved that pigs are the main source of zoonotic H EV-RNA genotype 3 and 4. Prohibiting dumping of farm waste into water supplies and using specific and sensitive quantification methods in water treatment will help in the control of virus spread. Objective: In this study used molecular detection of Hepatitis E virus for detection the prevalence of HEV in water samples. Water samples from different water treatment station in Cairo and irrigation water were concentrated HE V by adsorption/elution and quantification HEV-RNA in water samples by used nested reverse-transcription PCR (RT- nPCR). Results: From all 120 water samples were collected from different sits; 35 (29.16%) samples were positive for HEV- RNA which detected by RT-PCR and Nested-RT-PCR (through two methods using different primer sequence); where 13 positive sample from first-round RT-PCR and tested all negative sample in second round by Nested-PCR (using two different pair of inner and outer primers) was detected 22 positive sample for HEV- RNA. IgG anti-HEV occurred with high level in samples studded. Conclusion: This paper has shown that using nested reverse-transcription PCR (RT- nPCR) in quantification HEV-RNA in water more sensitive where the percentage of positivity accelerated to the IgG anti-HEV is high level with more than 70% of the general population positive