Government and the Steamship, 1872-1932

Since the 1950s, many scholars of the late 19th century the Qing government's relationship with Chinese enterprises in a number of economic historians as a subject of concern. The main emphasis of these studies related to government-sponsored enterprises and the government severely restricted by the negative role. Now the emergence of new historical data, such as the Nanjing "second gear" and Sheng Shanghai, China Merchants archives and files, so that we can again come to know the mid-19th century, the rise of nationalism, commerce and foreign competition has led to a new environment posed by the complex history . China Merchants is the Manchu bureaucracy together with the Chinese businessmen in China against the West and the invasion ship industry, has done a unique hybrid experiment. It is the first joint venture in China, using the enterprise system is different from the traditional Chinese business practices. Merchants have already established the basis for mutually beneficial cooperation between officials and businessmen pattern formation and development. Merchants can set up from 1872 to 1932, the Government played the role of bureaucrats and businessmen to illustrate the relationship between China and the Government in the management of China Merchants taken by the different ways