CONSIDERATIONS FOR ON-FARM RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION OF USEFUL FEEDING/NUTRITION PRACTICES FOR SMALL RUMINANTS IN ETHIOPIA

Many funding organizations view on-farm research as having greater impact than ‘on-station’ trials, a feeling shared by farmers and pastoralists because of the opportunity to see and evaluate findings first-hand. Langston University provides technical assistance in a 5-year project supported by the U.S. Agency for International Development, entitled Ethiopia Sheep and Goat Productivity Improvement Program (ESGPIP), which includes on-farm research and demonstrations of useful feeding/nutrition practices. The ESGPIP partners with research and extension entities throughout Ethiopia in implementing specific activities. One effective strategy in on-farm research and demonstrations used by some partners involves group management of animals by Farmer Research Groups (FRG) situated in different villages. Four or five FRG have been used by ESGPIP implementing partners, with each consisting of 9 or 10 farmers contributing 3 or 6 animals. Funds were provided to construct a simple barn with three pens (10 animals per pen) at each FRG for group housing and feeding at night. One or two animals per farmer were subjected to each of three feeding treatments. Conversely, in other settings treatment imposition on individual farmers and their animals in multiple communities was most suitable. Both approaches allow for statistical analysis of data, desirable for publication of the findings and, perhaps more importantly, true value or meaning of any differences noted. With use of farmer-owned animals in some instances it may not be feasible to impose negative control treatments, but an appropriate common or standard supplemental feedstuff treatment allows for an adequate basis of comparison. For sustainability, on-farm research should include input by and intimate involvement of producers and participation of local technology transfer personnel