Sources of income in rural Philippines: the role of population pressure, urbanization and infrastructure development

– Using nationally-representative datasets from 1990 to 2012, this paper aims to identify\ud pathways out of poverty in the rural Philippines by looking at the different sources of household income.\ud The results show that the most important sources of income growth are nonfarm wage work, foreign\ud remittances, and domestic remittances indicating that nonfarm work and migration are important pathways\ud out of poverty. Households in remote areas remain engaged in agricultural wage work and in the\ud production of high-value agricultural products. Regression results also show that electricity and roads as\ud well as secondary and tertiary schooling haves significant positive impacts on nonfarm wage income and\ud remittances. Overall, this study emphasizes the utmost importance of infrastructure and human capital in\ud facilitating movements out of poverty through nonfarm wage work and migration.\u