Evaluation of genotype MTBDRplus line probe assay in detection of rifampicin and isoniazid resistance in comparison to solid culture drug susceptibility testing in a tertiary care centre of western Uttar Pradesh

Background: Isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (Rif) are the key first-line antituberculosis drugs, and resistance to these drugs i.e., multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), is likely to result in treatment failure and poor clinical outcomes. India has the highest burden of TB and MDR-TB in the world, disproportionately high even for India's population. The GenoType® MTBDRplus molecular method allows rapid detection of Rif and INH resistance. Aim: The present study was done to compare the performance of line probe assay test (GenoType® MTBDRplus) with solid culture method for an early diagnosis of MDR-TB. Methods: Totally 1503 sputum samples of MDR-TB suspects were subjected to fluorescent microscopy. Decontamination was done by N-acetyl-L-cysteine and sodium hydroxide method. Fluorescent microscopy-positive samples were subjected to GenoType® MTBDRplus (HAIN Lifescience) assay. Sixty-two random samples were compared with phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) (1% proportion method) using solid culture method by Lowenstein–Jensen media. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for detection of resistance to Rif were 94.74%, 95.35%, 90% and 97.62% and to INH were 92.00%, 91.89%, 88.46% and 94.44%, respectively, in comparison with the phenotypic DST. Conclusion: GenoType® MTBDRplus has good sensitivity and specificity in detecting MDR-TB cases with a significantly lesser turnaround time as compared to conventional DST method and simultaneous detection of Rif and INH resistance. This technique saves several weeks of time required for culture and DST