Systemic analyses of the protection afforded by FTC/TDF from rectal HIV-1 transmission.

<p>(A) Tissues from a representative non-treated control mouse (#1) showed the presence of productively HIV-1 infected cells expressing detectable viral RNA. (B) Tissues from a mouse receiving systemic PrEP (#25) demonstrated a complete lack of productively infected cells in any of the tissues analyzed. Black foci represent cells producing viral RNA (bar = 50 µm). (C) Tissues from infected non-treated control mice were positive for replication competent HIV-1 when co-cultured with activated allogeneic PBMC. Tissues from mice receiving systemic PrEP were consistently negative for the presence of HIV-1. Presence of replication competent virus was indicated by the detection of viral p24 in the culture supernatant. (D) Tissues from infected non-treated control mice were positive for HIV-1 DNA by real time PCR analysis. Tissues from mice that received systemic PrEP were consistently negative for the presence of HIV-1 DNA. Thin dashed lines represent the limit of detection for the respective assays.