The proposed inhibitory effects of CPZ and QC treatments on various steps of TBSV RNA replication.

<p>Five early steps of TBSV replication <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0007376#pone.0007376-Nagy1" target="_blank">[24]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0007376#pone.0007376-Nagy4" target="_blank">[70]</a> are shown schematically, including translation of the viral RNA, template selection, viral RNA/protein recruitment into replication, assembly of the viral replicase complex and viral RNA synthesis. While the inhibitory effect of QC has been indicated in several steps, CPZ has been shown to affect mostly one step. The viral cis-acting RNA structures, such as p33RE (p33 recognition element), RSE (replication silencer element) and gPR (genomic promoter), which are likely bound by QC, are magnified.