Trehalose-stabilized microneedle vaccine improves control of lung viral replication.

<p>Lungs from individual mice in each group (n = 6 out of 12 mice per group) were collected on day 4 post-challenge, weighed, and extracted in media. Slight variations in lung tissue weight recovered from individual mice were adjusted (0.25 g lung tissue/ml). Virus titers (plaque forming units, pfu) in log10 (A), or IFN- γ (B) and IL-6 (C) cytokines in nano-grams (ng) per gram (g) lung tissue are expressed as geometric mean values. IFN-γ and IL-6 in lung extracts were determined by ELISA. Groups of mice are described in the legend of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0007152#pone-0007152-g002" target="_blank">Fig. 2</a>. Naïve is an uninfected mouse control.