Autophagy induced in MDM after X4 or R5 infection is involved in viral replication.

<p>(A) MDM were cocultured with chronically X4 or R5-infected MOLT-4, for 3 days or 1 day, respectively, or with uninfected MOLT-4 for 3 days, and examined by TEM as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0005787#pone-0005787-g005" target="_blank">Figure 5</a>. The upper graph indicates the percentage of autophagic cells containing, or not, morphologically intact virions after X4 or R5 infection. Enlargement of viruses and autophagosomes are presented. (B) Ratio between the level of p24 in the supernatant or the cell lysate of X4 and R5-infected MDM in the absence of 3-MA or BafA1 and the level of p24 in in the supernatants or the cell lysates of X4 and R5-infected MDM in the presence of 10 mM 3-MA or 100 nM BafA1 for 2 days. The intracellular p24 levels were normalized with respect to the number of live cells. Data are the mean of at least 3 independent experiments. (C) Quantification of p24 (ng/mL) in the supernatant and the cell lysate of X4 and R5-infected MDM in the presence or absence of 10 mM 3-MA or 100 nM BafA1. Data are representative of at least 3 experiments.