Phylogenetic trees for the HA(a), NA(b), NP(c) , M(d), NS(e), PB2(f), PB1(g) and PA(h) genes of the raccoon dog isolates and related reference viruses.

<p>The evolutionary relationships among these viruses were estimated by the method of the neighbor-joining method with 100 bootstraps by using PHYLIP (the PHYLogeny Inference Package) version 3.65. Sequence comparisons to the reference viruses were performed by using the Lasergene software package (DNASTAR, Madison, WI, USA). Alignments of each influenza virus sequence were created using program ClustalX 1.83. The sequence regions compared were as follows: nt 77–1069 (993 bp) of HA, 21–1370 (1350 bp) of NA; 1036–1916 (881 bp) of PB2, 25–1023 (999 bp) of PB1, 1465–2172 (708 bp) of PA, 46–1445 (1400 bp) of NP, 26–785 (760 bp) of M, 27–704 (678 bp) of NS. The trees of HA, PB1,NP and M genes are rooted to A/duck/Minnesota/1525/1981 (H5N1). The trees of PB2, PA, and NS genes are rooted to B/Yamagata/14/1988, and the NA tree is rooted to A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1).