Non-linear rheology of F-actin networks in the presence of α-actinin, filamin or both.

<p>A and B. Time-dependent shear modulus <i>G</i>(t, γ₀) of an F-actin network in the presence of (A) both α-actinin and filamin or (B) filamin alone for low shear deformation amplitude γ₀. The modulus increases for increasing deformation amplitudes, indicating shear-induced network hardening (or stiffening). <i>Inset</i>, Time-dependent shear modulus of the same network for high deformation amplitudes. The modulus decreases for increasing deformation amplitude, indicating shear-induced network softening. C. Shear modulus of F-actin networks in the presence of α-actinin, filamin, or both as a function of deformation amplitude. The modulus is estimated at a time of 1 second.