Probiotics induce systemic increase in GSH levels and GCL activity.

<p>After 5 days of pre-treatment with placebo (pla, n = 12) or probiotics (pro, n = 12), rats were subjected to acute pancreatitis (AP, n = 12), a sham-procedure (n = 12) or not operated (control, n = 5). Whole blood was sampled 1) before treatment, 2) after 5 days of pre-treatment, immediately before induction of AP and 3) six hours after induction of AP or sham-procedure. Time course of plasma GSH levels (A) and GCL activity in red blood cells (B) was monitored. The graphs show average (±SD). All analyses were run in duplicates. Comparisons were performed using ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD. *<i>P</i><0.001, probiotics <i>vs.</i> placebo. Associations between (C) ileal lipid peroxidation, (D) bacterial passage, (E) ⁵¹Cr-EDTA flux, (F) ileal GSH content six hours after induction of AP and GCL activity in red blood cells immediately before subjection to AP.