Bistable behavior of two excitatory populations interconnected by cross-inhibition and electrical coupling.

<p>A. Network architecture. Excitatory and inhibitory connections are represented by triangles and filled circles, respectively whereas resistor symbol represents electrical coupling. E1, E2 represents excitatory and I inhibitory populations. B. Time course of activity e1 (black line) and e2 (gray line) in populations E1 and E2. Transient input (arrow head) produces switching from AP to IP (B1) or vive versa (B2). Positive stimuli (C1, C2) are more efficient in switching than negative, which are restricted only to active phases (D1, D2). Parameters: <i>τ_e</i> = 1, <i>τ_s</i> = 250, <i>w</i> = 0.7, <i>V</i> = 0.17, <i>β</i> = 0.06, <i>i_tr</i> = 0.3, <i>g</i> = 0.075, <i>g_s</i> = 0.025, <i>θ</i> = 0.3 <i>ks</i> = 0.05 <i>ke</i> = 0.05. <i>V_app</i> = 0.1 (in B), 0.02–0.2 (in C and D, see bottom bar), stimulus duration = 10 time units.