Short-time effects of palmitate and rosiglitazone (ROZ) on phosphatidyl inositol (PI) hydrolysis, in HEK293 and MIN6c4 cells, insulin release in MIN6c4 cells as well as NO production and insulin release in isolated islets.

<p>(A) PI hydrolysis in nontransfected and GPR40-transfected HEK293 cells in response to palmitate (1 mmol/l) and ROZ (50 μmol/l) (n = 8–12) and (B); dose-dependent effect of ROZ on palmitate-induced PI hydrolysis (n = 8-12). (C, D) PI hydrolysis and insulin release in MIN6c4 cells in response to palmitate (1 mmol/l)±ROZ at different concentrations (n = 6). (E) NO production from neuronal constitutive nitric oxide synthase (ncNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS) and total NOS as well as insulin release in response to palmitate (1 mmol/l) after 60 min incubation of freshly isolated mouse islets at 5 mmol/l glucose (5G) (n = 4). (F) Effect of the NOS inhibitor L-NAME on insulin release induced by palmitate (1 mmol/l) in the presence of 5 mmol/l glucose (n = 8). (G) Effects of palmitate±ROZ or diazoxide on insulin release from freshly isolated mouse islets incubated at low (1 mmol/l) or high (20 mmol/l) glucose for 60 min. The concentrations of the different test agent were; palmitate (1 mmol/l), ROZ (1 μmol/l), diazoxide (dz) (250 μmol/l) (n = 8-12). Values are mean±s.e.m for. ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001.