DNA epitope vaccine induces production of high concentrations of anti-Aβ antibody in 3xTg-AD mice and activates proliferation of Th2-polarized PADRE-specific CD4⁺T cells.

<p>A) Concentrations of anti-Aβ antibody were detected in the sera of individual animals (n = 9 vaccinated mice, n = 5 MDC-irrelevant control, n = 5 non-vaccinated mice) after each immunization. B–C) Proliferation of CD4⁺T cells (B) and production of cytokines by this T cell subset (C) were detected by flow cytometry in pooled splenocyte cultures (n = 4) after 5^th immunization. Data are presented after subtraction of the percent of proliferating or cytokine-producing CD4⁺ T cells in non-re-stimulated immune splenocyte cultures from the percent of proliferating or cytokine-producing cells detected in the cultures of splenocytes re-stimulated with PADRE. D) Th2-polarization was confirmed by antibody isotypes analysis: vaccine induced primarily IgG1 type antibody.