Early expression of cytokines after challenge with SGH-LM in CTL DNA, PpSP15- or PpSP44-immunized mice.

<p>Two hours after challenge with 500 <i>L. major</i> metacyclics and 0.5 pairs of SGH, expression of IFN-γ and IL-12Rβ2 was induced in mice immunized with PpSP15. In contrast, mice immunized with PpSP44 induced the expression of IL-4. Relative mRNA expression was determined by real time PCR and normalized to the18S housekeeping gene. Values represent the fold increase over naïve mice after challenge with SGH-LM. Bars represent the mean ± the SEM for 24 mice per group. Asterisks indicate statistical significance (<i>p</i><0.05) between the PpSP15 and the PpSP44 experimental groups. Data represent the combined outcome of three independent experiments.