Different Fates of Ookinetes Infecting Refractory and Susceptible Mosquitoes, Determined by Phalloidin Staining

<p>The majority of ookinetes in G3 (susceptible) mosquitoes (A) were alive at 24 and 48 hpi, and few ookinetes were surrounded by the AZ. In contrast, almost complete ookinete mortality in L3–5 (refractory) midguts (B) was associated with high levels of melanization and AZ formation. Note that the AZ exclusively surrounded melanized parasites in L3–5 guts. “Dead” refers to ookinetes that were fully lysed but not melanized or associated with an AZ.