<div><p>Time-course plots showing the trial averaged BOLD signal in the medial OFC, separately for the first (A) and second (B) half of the experiment.</p> <p>The reward response does not decrease toward baseline by the second half of the experiment, nor does the punishment signal increase toward baseline, as would be expected for a PE signal.</p></div
<p>A) Reaction times (RT) to congruent (solid line) and incongruent (dashed line) S2 stimuli per TMS...
<p>Detection responses were requested right after the target in the behavioural experiment and after...
<p><b>(A, B)</b> Example neurons from PMd and M1 showing reward modulation that persisted after cont...
<div><p>(A) Brain areas correlating with expected reward value in both the avoidance and reward tria...
<div><p>(A) Medial OFC showing a significant increase in activity after avoidance of an aversive out...
<p>(<b>A</b>) For schedules with greater levels of time pressure, a larger initial reward value (red...
<p>a) The congruency sequence effect (CSE), showing RT on the current trial (C: congruent, I: incong...
The present study examined factors that affect temporal averaging in rats when discriminative stimul...
<p>(A) Regression coefficients for value of the chosen option at the time of stimulus onset, as a fu...
<p>Mean response time ± within-subjects s.e.m. for high- and low-reward targets over the course of t...
<p>The threshold drops earlier in the mostly congruent condition (top panel), benefiting congruent t...
(A) An outline of the null hypothesis using a data set in which low-reward responses had substantial...
<p>(A) Regression coefficients for value of the chosen option at the time of stimulus onset, as a fu...
<p>Capture times by treatment in experiment 2 across all slides (left, bars show quartile ranges), a...
This study examined the effect of regular patterns of reward and ITI on acquisition. 4 groups of 20 ...
<p>A) Reaction times (RT) to congruent (solid line) and incongruent (dashed line) S2 stimuli per TMS...
<p>Detection responses were requested right after the target in the behavioural experiment and after...
<p><b>(A, B)</b> Example neurons from PMd and M1 showing reward modulation that persisted after cont...
<div><p>(A) Brain areas correlating with expected reward value in both the avoidance and reward tria...
<div><p>(A) Medial OFC showing a significant increase in activity after avoidance of an aversive out...
<p>(<b>A</b>) For schedules with greater levels of time pressure, a larger initial reward value (red...
<p>a) The congruency sequence effect (CSE), showing RT on the current trial (C: congruent, I: incong...
The present study examined factors that affect temporal averaging in rats when discriminative stimul...
<p>(A) Regression coefficients for value of the chosen option at the time of stimulus onset, as a fu...
<p>Mean response time ± within-subjects s.e.m. for high- and low-reward targets over the course of t...
<p>The threshold drops earlier in the mostly congruent condition (top panel), benefiting congruent t...
(A) An outline of the null hypothesis using a data set in which low-reward responses had substantial...
<p>(A) Regression coefficients for value of the chosen option at the time of stimulus onset, as a fu...
<p>Capture times by treatment in experiment 2 across all slides (left, bars show quartile ranges), a...
This study examined the effect of regular patterns of reward and ITI on acquisition. 4 groups of 20 ...
<p>A) Reaction times (RT) to congruent (solid line) and incongruent (dashed line) S2 stimuli per TMS...
<p>Detection responses were requested right after the target in the behavioural experiment and after...
<p><b>(A, B)</b> Example neurons from PMd and M1 showing reward modulation that persisted after cont...