Inhibition of Resistin Induction by Anti-Inflammatory Insulin Sensitizers

<div><p>(A) Down-regulation of resistin mRNA by rosiglitazone. ANOVA F statistic for the effect Rosiglitazone on resistin expression was 62.52 (<i>p <</i> 0.001). <i>p</i> value for post hoc t-tests, is depicted in the Figure. *<i>p <</i> 0.005 versus control for post hoc <i>t</i>-tests.</p> <p>(B) Down-regulation of resistin protein secretion by human macrophages treated with rosiglitazone. The ANOVA <i>F</i> statistic for the effect of rosiglitazone on resistin protein secretion was 29.44 (<i>p <</i> 0.001). <i>p</i>-Values for post hoc <i>t</i>-tests versus control: *, <i>p <</i> 0.05; **, <i>p <</i> 0.001. Cells were pre-treated with rosiglitazone for 24 h and with LPS (1 μg/ml) and rosiglitazone for an additional 24 h. Results of representative experiments with triplicate samples are expressed as mean (± SEM). Similar results were obtained in three independent experiments.</p> <p>(C) Down-regulation of resistin gene expression by aspirin. The ANOVA <i>F</i> statistic for the effect of aspirin on resistin expression was 61.33 (<i>p <</i> 0.001). <i>p</i>-Values for post hoc <i>t</i>-tests versus no aspirin: *, <i>p <</i> 0.01; **, <i>p <</i> 0.001; ***, <i>p <</i> 0.0001. Cells were pre-treated with aspirin for 2 h and with LPS (1 μ g/ml) and aspirin for an additional 24 h. Results of representative experiments with triplicate samples are expressed as mean (± SEM). Similar results were obtained in two independent experiments.</p> <p>(D) Down-regulation of resistin gene expression by NF-κB inhibitor SN50. *, <i>p <</i> 0.001 versus control peptide by <i>t</i>-test. Cells were pre-treated with SN50 or control peptide at 100 ug/ml for 2 h, and with LPS (1 μg/ml) and SN50 or control peptide for an additional 24 h. Results are the expressed as the mean (± SEM) of two independent experiments performed in triplicate.</p> <p>(E) Induction of resistin by activation of NF-κB. *, <i>p <</i> 0.05 versus control virus by <i>t</i>-test. Cells were infected with adenovirus expressing activated IKK or control virus for 24 h. Results of representative experiments with triplicate samples are expressed as mean (± SEM). Similar results were obtained in two independent experiments.</p> <p>(F) Down-regulation of resistin gene expression by inhibitors of p38 and p42 MAPK. The ANOVA <i>F</i> statistic for the effect of the MAPK inhibitor on resistin expression was 11.54 (<i>p <</i> 0.005). *, <i>p <</i> 0.005 versus control for post hoc <i>t</i>-tests. Cells were pretreated with 50 μM PD98059 or 2.5 μM SB20358 for 2 h and with LPS (1 μg/ml) and PD98059 or SB20358 for an additional 24 h. Results are expressed as the mean (± SEM) of two independent experiments performed in triplicate.</p>