<p>TGF-β levels in culture supernatants were quantified by ELISA after 6 h of treatment. (A) NDP-α-MSH induced TGF-β release from astrocytes. (B) Treatment with 5 µM GW9662 had no effect on NDP-α-MSH-induced TGF-β release. (C) NDP-α-MSH had no effect on TGF-β release from microglia. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA and are expressed as mean ± SEM. ***<i>p</i><0.001, **<i>p</i><0.01, *<i>p</i><0.05 vs. control group.</p
<p>The administration of TGFβ receptor inhibitor (TβRI) reduced IL17A-induced pSmad 2/3 co-expressio...
<p>(<b>A</b>) Astrocytes were treated with 2 µg/ml of LPS for 0, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 18 h, then who...
<p>Serum starved VSMCs were preincubated for 72h with highest concentrations of statins a. Some cell...
Transgenic mice studies have suggested that transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) influences the post...
<p>Cell viability was assessed by MTS assays. Quantification of the metabolic cell activity of ONH a...
<p>Primary astrocytes were pre-treated for 30 min with TGFβ receptor inhibitor (TβRI, 5uM) then stim...
<p>TGF-β1 (1.5 μg/30 μl) was given IN seven days after Aβ<sub>1–42</sub> injection. On day 7 followi...
<p>(A) EMSA of nuclear protein extracts (5 µg) from primary astrocytes and microglia from brain and ...
Astrocytes participate in the development and resolution of neuroinflammation in numerous ways, incl...
<p>(A and C) Gene expression was studied by real time quantitative RT-PCR as described in <a href="h...
<p><b>(</b>A) Mouse MCs were cultured in the presence or absence of 1 ng/ml TGF-β for the indicated ...
<p>Wild type astrocytes were treated with 30µM DMF for indicated times. HIF1-α level was measured by...
<p>A) BV2 cells were treated with TFM-C (50µM) for 2h and stimulated with LPS (1µg/ml) for 3, 6 and ...
<p>Serum level of TGF-β from control (white bars) and treated (black bars) after 4 and 6 weeks of tr...
<p>The concentration of (<b>A</b>) total and (<b>B</b>) active TGF-β1 secretion in conditioned media...
<p>The administration of TGFβ receptor inhibitor (TβRI) reduced IL17A-induced pSmad 2/3 co-expressio...
<p>(<b>A</b>) Astrocytes were treated with 2 µg/ml of LPS for 0, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 18 h, then who...
<p>Serum starved VSMCs were preincubated for 72h with highest concentrations of statins a. Some cell...
Transgenic mice studies have suggested that transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) influences the post...
<p>Cell viability was assessed by MTS assays. Quantification of the metabolic cell activity of ONH a...
<p>Primary astrocytes were pre-treated for 30 min with TGFβ receptor inhibitor (TβRI, 5uM) then stim...
<p>TGF-β1 (1.5 μg/30 μl) was given IN seven days after Aβ<sub>1–42</sub> injection. On day 7 followi...
<p>(A) EMSA of nuclear protein extracts (5 µg) from primary astrocytes and microglia from brain and ...
Astrocytes participate in the development and resolution of neuroinflammation in numerous ways, incl...
<p>(A and C) Gene expression was studied by real time quantitative RT-PCR as described in <a href="h...
<p><b>(</b>A) Mouse MCs were cultured in the presence or absence of 1 ng/ml TGF-β for the indicated ...
<p>Wild type astrocytes were treated with 30µM DMF for indicated times. HIF1-α level was measured by...
<p>A) BV2 cells were treated with TFM-C (50µM) for 2h and stimulated with LPS (1µg/ml) for 3, 6 and ...
<p>Serum level of TGF-β from control (white bars) and treated (black bars) after 4 and 6 weeks of tr...
<p>The concentration of (<b>A</b>) total and (<b>B</b>) active TGF-β1 secretion in conditioned media...
<p>The administration of TGFβ receptor inhibitor (TβRI) reduced IL17A-induced pSmad 2/3 co-expressio...
<p>(<b>A</b>) Astrocytes were treated with 2 µg/ml of LPS for 0, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 18 h, then who...
<p>Serum starved VSMCs were preincubated for 72h with highest concentrations of statins a. Some cell...