A49 inhibits early innate immune signalling events.

<p>(A) HEK293T cells were transfected with an IFNβ-promoter luciferase reporter, a TK-promoter renilla luciferase transfection control, TLR3, and pCI-A49 or empty vector (EV). After 24 h cells were stimulated with 100 µg/ml of poly(I∶C) for 6 h before luciferase activity was measured. (B) RAW 264.7 cells were transfected as in (A) and stimulated with CpG or LPS for 6 h before luciferase activity was measured. (C) HEK293T cells were transfected with pCMV-HA-A49 or EV and stimulated with 500 ng/ml of poly (dA-dT) for 24 h. RNA was extracted and IFNβ mRNA measured by real-time PCR. (D) HEK293T cells were transfected as in (C) with different doses of A49 plasmid and infected 24 h later with Sendai virus (SeV) for further 24 h. CCL5 was measured by ELISA in the supernatant of infected and mock-infected cells. NI stands for non-infected, NS for non-stimulated. In all assays, data are presented as mean ± SD and show one representative experiment of at least three, each performed in triplicate. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 or ***p<0.001 comparing A49 transfected cells with EV.