Summary of the principal host responses affected by PB1-F2 during infection of mice by Nig06 IAV.

<p>The dynamics of the host response associated to PB1-F2 suggests multiple effects and multiple target cells depending of the stage of the disease and depending on the location of the infection within the airways. At day 2 pi PB1-F2 lead to inhibition of cellular pathways implicated in macrophages activation. PB1-F2 is also associated to a gene signature suggesting that it promotes damage to the epithelial structure. At day 4 pi, the gene profile specific for PB1-F2 reveals a delay in the NK cells recruitment and function and an increase in Ca2+-mediated lymphocyte apoptosis. At day 8 pi, the expression of PB1-F2 is clearly associated with increased transcription of genes encoding chemokines and cytokines implicated in the recruitment of granulocytes.