(a) Schematic representation of MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation on uncoated Ti-6Al-4V titanium (control), CaSiO₃ and Ca₂ZnSi₂O₇ coated substrates.

<p>(b) Schematic illustration of <i>in vivo</i> analysis. White arrows indicated new bone was formed at the Ca₂ZnSi₂O₇ coating periphery with direct contact to the implant surface in absence of a connective tissue layer in group 3. In contrast, a wide band of fibrous tissue was clearly seen around the surface of the CaSiO₃ coating and control in group 2 and 1. Group 1, control; Group 2, CaSiO₃ coating; Group 3, Ca₂ZnSi₂O₇ coating.