YC-1 Exhibits Anti-Proliferative and Anti-Chemotactic Activities Under a Hypoxia-Independent Microenvironment in hRMVECs.

<p><b>A. Chemical structure of YC-1. B. Cell Proliferation Assay.</b> YC-1 Inhibited VEGF-stimulated proliferation of hRMVECs that were grown for 48 hours. Treatments with SN50 or YC-1 for 48 hours suppressed VEGF-induced ECs growth. Whereas treatments with DMSO or SN50M had no impact on cell proliferation. Evaluation of DNA contents reflected the proliferative vitality rates in different groups. Values are presented as mean ± SEM obtained from triplicate experiments [*P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001]. <b>C. YC-1 Inhibits hRMVECs Chemotaxis.</b> VEGF₁₆₅ caused a significant increase in hRMVECs chemotaxis [***P<0.001] as compared to cells that were cultured in medium only. Treatment with YC-1 inhibits VEGF-induced cell migration. The inhibitory effects of SN50 as compared to SN50M exhibited the specificity of NFκB-mediated increase in chemotaxis induced by VEGF. The lack of VEGF presence in the control medium has significantly suppressed the hRMVECs migratory ability. Means ± SEM obtained from 6 wells/treatment of 4 independent experiments [*P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001 vs. DMSO-treated cells].