Expression of cytokines in porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells after stimulation with heat-stable Enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ETEC) pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).

<p>PIE cells were pre-treated with different bacterial strains for 48 h and stimulated with heat-stable ETEC PAMPs. The expression of MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNAs (A) and proteins levels (B) were studied at 12 h post-stimulation. The results represent four independent experiments. Different letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05).