Western blot analysis of activation of p38 and JNK and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases in porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells after challenge with heat-stable Enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ETEC) pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).

<p>PIE cells were pre-treated with different bacterial strains for 48 h and then stimulated with heat-stable ETEC PAMPs. Phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and ERK was studied at the indicated times post-stimulation. Different letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05).