Digoxin alters HIV-1 RNA processing.

<p>The effect of digoxin (100 nM) on HIV-1 mRNA levels was assessed by qRT-PCR of cells treated with drug or DMSO as described in <a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003241#ppat-1003241-g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1</a>. Equal concentrations of DMSO were present in each treatment. (A) Diagram indicating the position of the primers (arrow points) used in qRT-PCR (see <a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003241#s4" target="_blank">Methods</a>). (B) Abundance of HIV-1 unspliced (US, black), singly spliced (SS, white), and multiply spliced (MS, gray) mRNAs are shown relative to DMSO (+) controls. The housekeeping gene, β-actin, served as an internal loading control for the normalization of this data. Dox induced (+) compared to uninduced (−) shows successful activation of HIV-1 gene expression. Shown is data averaged from ≥6 experiments, error bars are SEM, and significant changes of treatments from DMSO (+) control are indicated by asterisk as described in “<a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003241#s4" target="_blank">Materials & Methods</a>”.